The great words of the Bible
Some words carry more than a single English word can hold — the love called agape, the peace called shalom, the mysterious selah of the Psalms. Here is what the key Greek and Hebrew words of Scripture actually mean, and where they live in the text.
59 word studies · Greek and Hebrew · free to read
Abba
AramaicFather (intimate, tender)
The tender, family word for father that Jesus used to address God.
Agape
Greekself-giving love
The New Testament's word for the highest love — the love God is, and the love he commands.
Ahava
Hebrewlove
The Old Testament's word for love — for God, for neighbour, and between hearts.
Aletheia
Greektruth; reality unveiled
Not just accuracy, but reality itself — the truth that sets us free.
Amen
Hebrewtruly; so be it; it is firm
The word we end prayers with means far more than the end — it means it is sure.
Anastasis
Greekresurrection; a rising up
The rising from the dead — the ground and hope of Christian faith.
Barak
Hebrewto bless; to kneel
To bless, and to kneel — the two-way word behind blessing.
Berith
Hebrewcovenant; binding agreement
The binding covenant that shapes the whole Bible — old and new.
Chara
Greekjoy; gladness
The deep gladness that does not depend on circumstances — a fruit of the Spirit.
Charis
Greekgrace; unmerited favour
The New Testament's word for God's free, undeserved gift.
Christos
GreekAnointed One; Messiah; Christ
The Greek for Messiah — the Anointed One promised through the ages.
Dikaiosyne
Greekrighteousness; justice
Right standing with God — not earned, but given in Christ.
Doxa
Greekglory; radiance; honour
The weight and radiance of God's presence — and the glory he shares with his own.
Dynamis
Greekpower; might; miraculous ability
God's power at work — the source of our words dynamic and dynamite.
Ebenezer
Hebrewstone of help
The memorial stone Samuel raised — hitherto hath the LORD helped us.
Eirene
Greekpeace
The New Testament's peace — the Greek echo of shalom, and the gift of Christ.
Ekklesia
Greekchurch; assembly; the called-out ones
The New Testament word for church — a people called out and gathered by God.
Elohim
HebrewGod (the Mighty One)
The Bible's first name for God — the powerful Creator of Genesis 1.
Elpis
Greekhope; confident expectation
Not wishful thinking, but the sure and steadfast expectation anchored in God.
Emet
Hebrewtruth; faithfulness; reliability
Truth that is not just accurate but trustworthy — solid ground to stand on.
Euangelion
Greekgood news; gospel
The word behind gospel and evangelism — a herald's joyful announcement.
Hagios
Greekholy; set apart; a saint
Set apart for God — the word behind holiness and the New Testament 'saints'.
Hallelujah
HebrewPraise the LORD
A command, not just an exclamation — praise ye Yah, the LORD.
Hesed
Hebrewsteadfast covenant love; lovingkindness
God's loyal, unbreakable love — the mercy that endures for ever.
Hosanna
HebrewSave now! (a cry of praise)
The Palm Sunday shout that began as a plea for salvation.
Immanuel
HebrewGod with us
The name that captures the whole wonder of Christmas.
Jubilee
Hebrewthe year of release and liberty
Every fiftieth year, Israel proclaimed liberty and returned every debt.
Kairos
Greekthe right or appointed time
Not clock-time, but the decisive, God-appointed moment.
Kavod
Hebrewglory; weight; honour
The weighty, radiant glory of God that filled the temple.
Koinonia
Greekfellowship; sharing in common
The deep, shared life of the church — more than friendship.
Kurios
GreekLord; master; owner
The New Testament's title for Jesus as sovereign Lord — the earliest Christian creed.
Logos
GreekWord; reason; the divine self-expression
John's title for Christ — the eternal Word through whom all things were made.
Makarios
Greekblessed; deeply happy; flourishing
The 'blessed' of the Beatitudes — a happiness rooted in God, not circumstances.
Maranatha
AramaicOur Lord, come!
An early Christian prayer for the return of Christ, kept in its original tongue.
Messiah
Hebrewthe Anointed One
The promised, anointed King — Christ is its Greek translation.
Metanoia
Greekrepentance; a change of mind
Not just regret, but a turning of the whole mind and life.
Nephesh
Hebrewsoul; life; living being
The whole living self — the breath-of-life that makes us living souls.
Parakletos
GreekComforter; Advocate; one called alongside
Jesus' name for the Holy Spirit — the helper called to our side.
Pistis
Greekfaith; trust; faithfulness
The New Testament word for faith — trust in a trustworthy God.
Pneuma
Greekspirit; breath; wind
The Greek for spirit, breath, and wind — the New Testament word for the Holy Spirit.
Qadosh
Hebrewholy; set apart
The holiness of God — set apart, other, and utterly pure.
Ruach
Hebrewspirit; wind; breath
One Hebrew word for spirit, wind, and breath — the life of God moving.
Sabbath
Hebrewrest; ceasing
The God-given rhythm of rest, woven into creation itself.
Sarx
Greekflesh; fallen human nature
More than the body — the self-centred nature at war with the Spirit.
Selah
Hebrewpause and reflect (a musical or liturgical term)
The Psalms' mysterious word — likely a call to stop, lift up, and consider.
Shalom
Hebrewpeace, wholeness, well-being
Far more than the absence of conflict — the flourishing wholeness God intends for his people.
Shema
HebrewHear (and obey)
The first word of Israel's daily creed — hear, O Israel.
Shuv
Hebrewto turn back; to return; to repent
The Old Testament word for repentance — simply turning back to God.
Soter
GreekSaviour; rescuer; deliverer
The New Testament's title for Jesus — the one who saves his people.
Soteria
Greeksalvation; deliverance
The whole rescue God accomplishes in Christ — deliverance, safety, and wholeness.
Sozo
Greekto save, rescue, heal, make whole
The verb behind salvation — to rescue, deliver, and make whole.
Tehillah
Hebrewpraise; a song of praise
Praise that bubbles up in song — the word that names the Psalms themselves.
Tetelestai
Greekit is finished; paid in full; accomplished
Christ's last word from the cross — the debt paid, the work complete.
Torah
Hebrewinstruction; teaching; law
More than rules — God's loving instruction for the good life.
Tov
Hebrewgood; pleasing; beautiful
The 'it was good' of creation — goodness that is beautiful and life-giving.
Yahweh
HebrewI AM; the LORD
The personal covenant name of God, revealed to Moses at the burning bush.
Yare
Hebrewto fear; to revere; to stand in awe
The fear of the LORD — not terror, but reverent awe, the beginning of wisdom.
Yeshua
Hebrewsalvation; 'the LORD saves' — the name behind Jesus
The Hebrew name behind 'Jesus' — meaning the LORD saves.
Zoe
Greeklife — especially the eternal life of God
Not mere existence, but the abundant, eternal life God gives in Christ.
Why the original words matter
The Bible was written in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek, and now and then a single original word opens a window that translation alone leaves half-shut. Knowing that the love of John 3:16 is agape, or that the peace of Numbers 6 is shalom, does not replace the English — it deepens it.
Each study here gives the word in plain transliteration, its meaning, and a verse where it appears — quoted exactly from the King James Version — so you can carry the fuller sense back into your reading.