The Morning Psalm
Word studies

The great words of the Bible

Some words carry more than a single English word can hold — the love called agape, the peace called shalom, the mysterious selah of the Psalms. Here is what the key Greek and Hebrew words of Scripture actually mean, and where they live in the text.

59 word studies · Greek and Hebrew · free to read

Abba

Aramaic

Father (intimate, tender)

The tender, family word for father that Jesus used to address God.

Agape

Greek

self-giving love

The New Testament's word for the highest love — the love God is, and the love he commands.

Ahava

Hebrew

love

The Old Testament's word for love — for God, for neighbour, and between hearts.

Aletheia

Greek

truth; reality unveiled

Not just accuracy, but reality itself — the truth that sets us free.

Amen

Hebrew

truly; so be it; it is firm

The word we end prayers with means far more than the end — it means it is sure.

Anastasis

Greek

resurrection; a rising up

The rising from the dead — the ground and hope of Christian faith.

Barak

Hebrew

to bless; to kneel

To bless, and to kneel — the two-way word behind blessing.

Berith

Hebrew

covenant; binding agreement

The binding covenant that shapes the whole Bible — old and new.

Chara

Greek

joy; gladness

The deep gladness that does not depend on circumstances — a fruit of the Spirit.

Charis

Greek

grace; unmerited favour

The New Testament's word for God's free, undeserved gift.

Christos

Greek

Anointed One; Messiah; Christ

The Greek for Messiah — the Anointed One promised through the ages.

Dikaiosyne

Greek

righteousness; justice

Right standing with God — not earned, but given in Christ.

Doxa

Greek

glory; radiance; honour

The weight and radiance of God's presence — and the glory he shares with his own.

Dynamis

Greek

power; might; miraculous ability

God's power at work — the source of our words dynamic and dynamite.

Ebenezer

Hebrew

stone of help

The memorial stone Samuel raised — hitherto hath the LORD helped us.

Eirene

Greek

peace

The New Testament's peace — the Greek echo of shalom, and the gift of Christ.

Ekklesia

Greek

church; assembly; the called-out ones

The New Testament word for church — a people called out and gathered by God.

Elohim

Hebrew

God (the Mighty One)

The Bible's first name for God — the powerful Creator of Genesis 1.

Elpis

Greek

hope; confident expectation

Not wishful thinking, but the sure and steadfast expectation anchored in God.

Emet

Hebrew

truth; faithfulness; reliability

Truth that is not just accurate but trustworthy — solid ground to stand on.

Euangelion

Greek

good news; gospel

The word behind gospel and evangelism — a herald's joyful announcement.

Hagios

Greek

holy; set apart; a saint

Set apart for God — the word behind holiness and the New Testament 'saints'.

Hallelujah

Hebrew

Praise the LORD

A command, not just an exclamation — praise ye Yah, the LORD.

Hesed

Hebrew

steadfast covenant love; lovingkindness

God's loyal, unbreakable love — the mercy that endures for ever.

Hosanna

Hebrew

Save now! (a cry of praise)

The Palm Sunday shout that began as a plea for salvation.

Immanuel

Hebrew

God with us

The name that captures the whole wonder of Christmas.

Jubilee

Hebrew

the year of release and liberty

Every fiftieth year, Israel proclaimed liberty and returned every debt.

Kairos

Greek

the right or appointed time

Not clock-time, but the decisive, God-appointed moment.

Kavod

Hebrew

glory; weight; honour

The weighty, radiant glory of God that filled the temple.

Koinonia

Greek

fellowship; sharing in common

The deep, shared life of the church — more than friendship.

Kurios

Greek

Lord; master; owner

The New Testament's title for Jesus as sovereign Lord — the earliest Christian creed.

Logos

Greek

Word; reason; the divine self-expression

John's title for Christ — the eternal Word through whom all things were made.

Makarios

Greek

blessed; deeply happy; flourishing

The 'blessed' of the Beatitudes — a happiness rooted in God, not circumstances.

Maranatha

Aramaic

Our Lord, come!

An early Christian prayer for the return of Christ, kept in its original tongue.

Messiah

Hebrew

the Anointed One

The promised, anointed King — Christ is its Greek translation.

Metanoia

Greek

repentance; a change of mind

Not just regret, but a turning of the whole mind and life.

Nephesh

Hebrew

soul; life; living being

The whole living self — the breath-of-life that makes us living souls.

Parakletos

Greek

Comforter; Advocate; one called alongside

Jesus' name for the Holy Spirit — the helper called to our side.

Pistis

Greek

faith; trust; faithfulness

The New Testament word for faith — trust in a trustworthy God.

Pneuma

Greek

spirit; breath; wind

The Greek for spirit, breath, and wind — the New Testament word for the Holy Spirit.

Qadosh

Hebrew

holy; set apart

The holiness of God — set apart, other, and utterly pure.

Ruach

Hebrew

spirit; wind; breath

One Hebrew word for spirit, wind, and breath — the life of God moving.

Sabbath

Hebrew

rest; ceasing

The God-given rhythm of rest, woven into creation itself.

Sarx

Greek

flesh; fallen human nature

More than the body — the self-centred nature at war with the Spirit.

Selah

Hebrew

pause and reflect (a musical or liturgical term)

The Psalms' mysterious word — likely a call to stop, lift up, and consider.

Shalom

Hebrew

peace, wholeness, well-being

Far more than the absence of conflict — the flourishing wholeness God intends for his people.

Shema

Hebrew

Hear (and obey)

The first word of Israel's daily creed — hear, O Israel.

Shuv

Hebrew

to turn back; to return; to repent

The Old Testament word for repentance — simply turning back to God.

Soter

Greek

Saviour; rescuer; deliverer

The New Testament's title for Jesus — the one who saves his people.

Soteria

Greek

salvation; deliverance

The whole rescue God accomplishes in Christ — deliverance, safety, and wholeness.

Sozo

Greek

to save, rescue, heal, make whole

The verb behind salvation — to rescue, deliver, and make whole.

Tehillah

Hebrew

praise; a song of praise

Praise that bubbles up in song — the word that names the Psalms themselves.

Tetelestai

Greek

it is finished; paid in full; accomplished

Christ's last word from the cross — the debt paid, the work complete.

Torah

Hebrew

instruction; teaching; law

More than rules — God's loving instruction for the good life.

Tov

Hebrew

good; pleasing; beautiful

The 'it was good' of creation — goodness that is beautiful and life-giving.

Yahweh

Hebrew

I AM; the LORD

The personal covenant name of God, revealed to Moses at the burning bush.

Yare

Hebrew

to fear; to revere; to stand in awe

The fear of the LORD — not terror, but reverent awe, the beginning of wisdom.

Yeshua

Hebrew

salvation; 'the LORD saves' — the name behind Jesus

The Hebrew name behind 'Jesus' — meaning the LORD saves.

Zoe

Greek

life — especially the eternal life of God

Not mere existence, but the abundant, eternal life God gives in Christ.


Why the original words matter

The Bible was written in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek, and now and then a single original word opens a window that translation alone leaves half-shut. Knowing that the love of John 3:16 is agape, or that the peace of Numbers 6 is shalom, does not replace the English — it deepens it.

Each study here gives the word in plain transliteration, its meaning, and a verse where it appears — quoted exactly from the King James Version — so you can carry the fuller sense back into your reading.